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Este libro examina la teoría del azar de Aristóteles, presentada en Phys. II 4-6, en el contexto de la discusión de los principios y causas de la filosofía natural. Teniendo siempre en vista este contexto, la autora elabora una interpretación de la definición genérica de azar como un cierto tipo de relación causal accidental, mostrando posteriormente cómo las dos especies de azar que distingue Aristóteles en Phys. II 6 (týche y autómaton) comparten dicha estructura común. En esta tarea, resulta relevante el esclarecimiento del modo específico en que este tipo de causalidad se da en la naturaleza y en la acción humana. Más allá de las cuestiones puramente exegéticas, el estudio considera que la concepción de Phys. II 4-6 es portadora de genuino interés filosófico, en la medida en que Aristóteles intenta dar cuenta del azar tomándolo como un fenómeno irreductible cuyas condiciones de posibilidad procura esclarecer, antes que como una mera apariencia que deba ser eliminada por la reflexión filosófica. En tal medida, su concepción de la fortuna (týche) puede ser puesta en diálogo fructífero, todavía hoy, con aproximaciones de corte eliminativo a este mismo fenómeno.The work presented here delves into Aristotle's theory of chance in Phys. II 4-6, a text found within the discussion about the principles and causes of natural philosophy. Always having this context in view, the author offers an interpretation of the generic definition of chance as a certain kind of accidental causal relation, and shows later how both species of chance distinguished by Aristotle in Phys. II 6 (týche and autómaton) share that common structure. On this reading, it becomes relevant to clarify at the same time the specific mode that this kind of causality adopts in nature and in human agency. Beyond pure exegetical questions, the book considers that the account of chance in Phys. II 4-6 bears philosophical interest, for Aristotle sets out to explain chance taking it as an irreducible phenomenon whose conditions of possibility tries to clarify, rather than taking it as a deceptive appearance which should be eliminated by philosophical reflection. To that extent, Aristotle's account of luck (týche) is shown to be worth considering, even today, as a genuine philosophical alternative to eliminative accounts of this phenomenon

Causation. --- Chance --- Causalité --- Hasard --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Aristotle. --- Causation --- Aristotle --- Causalité --- Fortune --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Probabilities --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Teleology --- Chance - Philosophy --- Aristotle - Physics - Book 2, 4-6

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Good and evil --- Teleology --- Aristotle --- Design in natural phenomena, Study of --- Final cause --- Philosophy --- Causation --- Evolution --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Evil --- Wickedness --- Ethics --- Polarity --- Religious thought --- Aristotle. --- Good and evil. --- Teleology. --- Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics

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The importance of Zaydī sources for historical research on Muʿtazilī theology is generally acknowledged since the spectacular discoveries of unique manuscripts in Yemen in the 1950s. Yet the knowledge transfer and adoption of Muʿtazilī thought by the Yemeni Zaydiyya still remain an understudied field. Al-Ḥasan ar-Raṣṣāṣ (d. 1188) was one of the main promoters of Muʿtazilism in 6th/12th century Yemen. His works mainly focus on natural philosophy and include a systematic treatise on causality which is comprehensively examined and critically edited in this volume. The present study gives insight into a fascinating chapter of Islamic intellectual history and offers the first analysis of a Muʿtazilī theory of causality. Die Bedeutung zayditischer Quellen für die Erforschung muʿtazilitischer Theologie ist spätestens seit der spektakulären Wiederentdeckung einzigartiger Handschriften im Jemen der 1950er Jahre allgemein anerkannt. Dennoch sind der Wissenstransfer und die Adaption muʿtazilitischen Denkens durch die jemenitische Zaydiyya bislang kaum erforscht. Al-Ḥasan ar-Raṣṣāṣ (st. 1188) war einer der wichtigsten Protagonisten dieses Prozesses im Jemen des 6./12. Jahrhunderts. Unter seinen zahlreichen Schriften zu naturphilosophischen Fragen findet sich auch ein systematisches Traktat zur Kausalität, welches im vorliegenden Buch umfassend untersucht und kritisch ediert wird. Die Studie gewährt Einblick in ein faszinierendes Kapitel islamischer Geistesgeschichte und analysiert erstmals eine muʿtazilitische Systematik zur Kausalität.

Causation. --- Motazilites --- Moutazela --- Muʻtazila --- Muʻtazilah --- Mutazilites --- Islamic sects --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Doctrines. --- Raṣṣāṣ, al-Ḥasan, --- Motazilites - Doctrines --- Causation

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Shadows appear to be counterexamples to the causal theory of perception. After all, an absence of light cannot reflect light into our eyes. Roy Sorensen sets out to resolve this anomaly and to show how the causal theory solves a broad range of visual puzzles about dark things.

Causation. --- Perception (Philosophy). --- Shades and shadows. --- Perception (Philosophy) --- #SBIB:1H10 --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Light and shade --- Shade --- Shadows --- Geometry, Descriptive --- Perspective --- Filosofie: inleidingen en algemene overzichten --- Philosophical anthropology --- Shades and shadows --- Causation

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Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit der kausalen Handlungstheorie. Der These, dass Handlungen entweder unmittelbar durch einen Akteur oder durch seine mentalen Zustände verursacht werden, wird entgegengehalten, dass bisher keine Handlungstheorie vorliegt, die dieses kausale Verhältnis zu belegen vermag und dass es auch bisher in der Philosophie des Geistes keinen Ansatz gibt, der erklärt wie mentale Verursachung möglich ist. Eine Alternative wird in einer Handlungstheorie gefunden, der eine monistische Ontologie zugrunde liegt. Im ihrem Zentrum steht die Person. Person

Action theory. --- Causation --- Philosophy of mind. --- Philosophical anthropology. --- Psychology --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Goal-directed action --- Goal-directed behavior --- Theory, Action --- Sociology --- Anthropology, Philosophical --- Man (Philosophy) --- Civilization --- Life --- Ontology --- Humanism --- Persons --- Philosophy of mind --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Cognitive science --- Philosophical anthropology --- Psychological aspects. --- Philosophy.